Broad access to better HIV treatment has resulted in a significant reduction in the prevalence of HIV-associated oral lesions in western industrialized countries. However, a possible increased prevalence of oral warts and a potential dissociation between CD4+ T-cell counts and oral manifestations of HIV require continued vigilance by oral health care providers. Head and neck and oral examination coupled with a careful consideration of the complications associated with hyposalivation remain essential components of a comprehensive oral health care program.